ABSTRACT
The outbreak of nSARS-CoV2 in December 2019 turned into a global pandemic and is still underway. Infection with nSARS-CoV2 resulted in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and was named COVID19. COVID19 requires the intervention of a series of therapeutics, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating molecules. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that nutraceuticals offer a promising impact in fast recovery and boosting immunity. Here, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the scientific evidence examining the effectiveness of nutraceuticals. A detailed search of scientific literature was conducted utilizing the most relevant scientific studies published during 2019-2022 on the intervention of nutraceuticals in the management of COVID19. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scielo databases were explored for the most relevant studies. Meta-analysis was carried out using the MedCalC tool as per PRISMA guidelines for odds ratio among the studies along with risk factor analysis and relative risk. A total of 1308 original records were identified, where 1268 studies were collected from different databases, and 40 additional records were obtained from non-pre-defined sources. Odds ratio, risk analysis, and risk difference analysis showed nutraceuticals intervention reported effective (p<0.001) in COVID19 patient over control. Nutraceuticals-based interventions had improved immunity, short term duration, and fast recovery of COVID19 patients. Resumen L'épidémie de nSARS-CoV2 en décembre 2019 s'est transformée en pandémie mondiale et est toujours en cours. L'infection par le nSARS-CoV2 a entraîné un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë sévère et a été nommée COVID19. Le COVID19 nécessite l'intervention d'une série de thérapeutiques, notamment des molécules antivirales, anti-inflammatoires et immunomodulatrices. De plus, des études ont démontré que les nutraceutiques offrent un impact prometteur sur la récupération rapide et le renforcement de l'immunité. Ici, l'étude visait à fournir une synthèse complète des preuves scientifiques examinant l'efficacité des nutraceutiques. Une recherche détaillée de la littérature scientifique a été menée en utilisant les études scientifiques les plus pertinentes publiées au cours de la période 2019-2022 sur l'intervention des nutraceutiques dans la gestion du COVID19. Les bases de données PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials et Scielo ont été explorées pour les études les plus pertinentes. Une méta-analyse a été réalisée à l'aide de l'outil MedCalC conformément aux directives PRISMA pour l'odds ratio entre les études, ainsi que l'analyse des facteurs de risque et le risque relatif. Un total de 1308 enregistrements originaux ont été identifiés, où 1268 études ont été collectées à partir de différentes bases de données, et 40 enregistrements supplémentaires ont été obtenus à partir de sources non prédéfinies. Le rapport de cotes, l'analyse des risques et l'analyse des différences de risque ont montré que l'intervention de nutraceutiques était efficace (p <0,001) chez le patient COVID19 par rapport au groupe témoin. Les interventions basées sur les nutraceutiques ont amélioré l'immunité, la durée à court terme et la récupération rapide des patients COVID19.
ABSTRACT
In December 2019, an outbreak of novel beta-coronavirus started in Wuhan, China, spread globally as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and is still underway. The causative agent for COVID-19 identified as a novel strain of beta coronavirus named nSARS-CoV-2. The nSARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory tract and results in severe acute respiratory distress (ARDS), leading to the collapse of the respiratory tract. The virus internalizes primarily via ACEII receptor, and many tissues reported a significant level of expression of ACEII receptor including lungs, hearts, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse, but growing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis is one of them and poses a threat to native immunity. The human microbial ecology plays a vital role in human physiology, including building immunity. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) habitats trillions of beneficial microbes’ precisely bacterial species synchronize with human physiology and remain symbiotic. On the contrary, harmful microbiota seeks an opportunity to break the equilibrium failure of balance between beneficial and detrimental human gut microbiota results in impaired physiology and immunity. The grown research evidence demonstrated that infection caused by the nSARS-CoV-2 result in moderate to severe diarrheal outcomes. The diarrheal conditions in COVID-19 patients are due to alteration of gut microbial ecology. The management of COVID-19 requires specialized therapeutics along with a series of nutraceuticals. Probiotics remain vital nutrient supplements in COVID-19 management, offer relief in diarrhea and improve/restore immunity. This study uses available data/findings to emphasize an association between COVID-19 and gut dysbiosis. The study also provides a scientific basis of impaired immunity during gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 and how probiotics help restore and improve impaired immunity and diarrhea.